Installing Ruby 1.9.2 Using RVM and Homebrew on Lion

2011-09-25T11:43:00-04:00

There seem to be a lot of people having trouble installing Ruby 1.9.2-p290 under Lion, based off of the many blog posts about changing the C compiler and using MacPorts, Homebrew, and/or RVM to install a bunch of dependencies. Below is the process that I used to install it. I'm not quite sure why RVM automatically used /usr/bin/gcc-4.2 to compile everything on my computer, and why some people need to set some environment flags to change their default compiler to this. If you are getting compiler errors, you may need to run export CC=gcc-4.2 before the rvm install step.

First, we're going to install a newer version of the readline library. I used Homebrew for this, but you should be able to use rvm pkg install readline as well.

``` bash

brew install readline

```

Once that is finished, take note of where Homebrew said it installed readline. For me, that path was /usr/local/Cellar/readline/6.2.1 (minus the lib directory).

Next, we're going to update RVM to make sure there aren't any issues with Lion and Ruby 1.9.2 that haven't been solved in the latest release.

``` bash

rvm get latest
# rvm get head upgrades to the latest dev release

```

The last step in this process is to install Ruby 1.9.2-p290. If you used RVM to install readline, your path for readline should be changed to $rvm_path/usr. If you are using MacPorts, your readline path should be changed to /opt/local.

``` bash

rvm install 1.9.2 -C --enable-shared,--with-readline-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/readline/6.2.1 \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr --with-zlib-dir=/usr --with-openssl-dir=/usr,\
--build=x86_64-apple-darwin10

```

Update On ruby-audio

2010-03-25T19:10:00-04:00

As a lot has changed over the past two weeks with ruby-audio, I thought an update would be in order.

After trying to put the existing version (0.2.0) into production code, I ran into a whole bunch of issues with the API. It was not ruby-like at all, which made the code I was writing look ugly. In addition, reading into a small buffer and writing out to a new sound wasn't possible to do without a lot of unnecessary object instantiation, as there was no API for writing only a portion of a buffer out to the sound. Hence, a rewrite was in order. Armed with copies of the ruby 1.8 and 1.9 source code, I set out to re-write the C extension with a prettier API and without the previous version's issues. The result is ruby-audio version 1.0 (now 1.2.0 as of this writing).

ruby-audio now has three data classes - Sound, Buffer, and SoundInfo. These correspond to their C parents - CSound, CBuffer, and CSoundInfo. SoundInfo maps to the SF_INFO struct, providing information like sound length, channel count, and format. Buffer is a thin wrapper around a C array of one of the four datatypes supported for read and write by libsndfile. Finally, Sound provides all the standard functions you would expect from an IO object, including seeks, reads, and writes.

With that out of the way, let's look at some code. The following example takes an array of compatible sound files and numbers and turns it into a single one-channel wav.

``` ruby

require 'rubygems'
require 'ruby-audio'

# Create wav output file
info = RubyAudio::SoundInfo.new :channels => 1, :samplerate => 44100,
                                :format => RubyAudio::FORMAT_WAV|RubyAudio::FORMAT_PCM_16
out = RubyAudio::Sound.open('out.wav', 'w', info)

# Initialize read/write and pause buffers
one_sec = RubyAudio::Buffer.double(44100)
one_sec.real_size = 44100
buf = RubyAudio::Buffer.double(10000)

# For numbers, insert a pause for the given number of milliseconds
# For strings, open the sound file and append
wavs.each do |wav|
  if wav.is_a?(Numeric) # Pause
    secs = (wav/1000).to_i
    millisecs = wav % 1000

    # Handle milliseconds
    if millisecs > 0
      one_sec.real_size = (44100 * millisecs/1000).to_i
      out.write(one_sec)
      one_sec.real_size = 44100
    end
    secs.times { out.write(one_sec) }
  else
    RubyAudio::Sound.open(wav, 'r') do |snd|
      out.write(buf) while snd.read(buf) > 0
    end
  end
end

out.close

```

If you have any issues with the API or features you'd like to see implemented, don't hesitate to fork and fix it on github, add it to the issues, or send me an e-mail.

Revival of ruby/audio

2010-02-09T13:33:00-05:00

I needed to do some audio concatenation for a project I'm working on, and after much research, came to the conclusion that libsndfile would be the easiest to work with. However, with all of the overhead of calling out to a command-line program for every file I wanted to join, I figured it would be better to write a C-based gem wrapper around it. Thus, ruby/audio.

Google quickly led me to Hans' ruby-audio, which hadn't had any major modifications since November of 2006. Looking at the forks lead to the most recent fixes by others. After finding and fixing a bug noticed in my audio concatenation project, I decided to turn it into a gem and put it up on Gemcutter.

If you'd like to get started using it, first install ruby-audio from gemcutter: gem install ruby-audio --source="http://gemcutter.org"

Afterwards, simply require audio/sndfile and start writing code. Here's an example that concatenates a list of files and writes the final file to out.wav.

``` ruby

require 'rubygems'
require 'audio/sndfile'

out_conf = Sndfile::SF_INFO.new
out_conf.format = Sndfile::SF_FORMAT_WAV|Sndfile::SF_FORMAT_PCM_16
out_conf.channels = 1
out_conf.samplerate = 44100
out = Audio::Soundfile.open('out.wav', 'w', out_conf)

['audio1.wav', 'audio2.wav'].each do |file|
  snd = Audio::Soundfile.open(file)
  buf = Audio::Sound.float(1000)
  read = snd.read(buf)
  while read != 0
    out.write(buf)
    read = snd.read(buf)
  end
  snd.close
end

out.close

```

My code can be found Github at warhammerkid/ruby-audio, and I expect to make a few more modifications to it to clean up the API and improve the documentation over the next couple weeks.

Rack Middleware in Rails 2

2009-10-09T10:00:00-04:00

If you have a rack middleware packaged as a gem that you would like to use in your rails app, add these lines to your environment.rb file:

``` ruby

config.gem 'rack-amf', :lib => 'rack/amf', :source => "http://gemcutter.org/"
config.middleware.use 'Rack::AMF', :url => '/amf'

```

Make sure you put the middleware name in a string, or rails initialization will fail because the gem hasn't loaded yet.

Strings in AS3 and Memory

2009-03-20T12:55:00-04:00

I was doing some experimenting to see whether having multiple references to a string took up much space, and it turns out that Flash doesn't actually deep-copy strings when you copy them around. Instead it copies by reference until a change is made, which then forces a deep copy. This is similar to the way PHP works, passing strings by value but not actually creating a new object until the value is changed. Below is the code I used to determine this:

``` as3

import flash.system.System;
import flash.utils.ByteArray;

function clone(source:Object):* {
    var copier:ByteArray = new ByteArray();
    copier.writeObject(source);
    copier.position = 0;
    return(copier.readObject());
}

var str:String = "This is a test of string copying";
var storeA:Array = [];
var storeB:Array = [];
var before:int;

// Test A
before = System.totalMemory;
for(var i:int = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
    storeA.push(clone(str) as String);
}
trace(System.totalMemory - before); // Total Mem Increase: 3280896

// Test B
before = System.totalMemory;
for(var j:int = 0; j < 10000; j++) {
    storeB.push(str);
}
trace(System.totalMemory - before); // Total Mem Increase: 49152

// Can you change str without affecting storeB?
str = "New value";
trace(storeB[0]); // 'This is a test of string copying'

// Can you change storeB[0] without affecting storeB[1]?
storeB[0] += 'a';
trace(storeB[0]+" vs "+storeB[1]);
// 'This is a test of string copyinga vs This is a test of string copying'

```